JLPT N5 grammar

The subject particle が — marks who or what performs an action, or introduces new information.

The native Japanese つ counter for counting general objects from one to ten.

The particle で — marks location of action, means/method, and range.

The copula です — equates two ideas in polite speech (“I am …”, “it is …”).

The particle に — marks direction, time, location of existence, and indirect objects.

The topic particle は — marks what the sentence is about. Pronounced wa, not ha.

When to use は and が in Japanese — topic vs subject, with example sentences and common learner mistakes.

The object particle を — marks the direct object of a verb.